![]() ![]() Relevant policies and guidelines need to be developed to protect vulnerable populations. ![]() In terms of study methods and heat wave definitions, there remain inconsistencies and uncertainties. Some social factors, such as lower socioeconomic status, can contribute to heat-susceptibility. The elderly, children, and males were more vulnerable during heat waves, and the medical care demand increased for those with existing chronic diseases. Most studies found a short-term negative health impact of heat waves on morbidity. Thirty-three studies were included in the final analysis. The PubMed and ScienceDirect database were used to retrieve published literature in English from 1985 to 2014 on the relationship between heat waves and morbidity, and the following MeSH terms and keywords were used: heat wave, heat wave, morbidity, hospital admission, hospitalization, emergency call, emergency medical services, and outpatient visit. In this study, a comprehensive review was conducted to assess the relationship between heat waves and different morbidity indicators, and to identify the vulnerable populations. Yet there is a knowledge gap in the impact of heat waves on morbidity. As these events are projected to increase in both severity and frequency in the future, it is important to assess the relationship between heat waves and the health indicators that can be used in the early warning systems to guide the public health response. In the past few decades, several devastating heat wave events have significantly challenged public health. ![]()
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